Protocols

What is mean by Protocol?
PROTOCOL:
Is a set of "RULES" and "REGULATIONS" for sending and receiving Information on the NETWORK

1. ICMP = Internet Control Message Protocol
Use to echo

2. RIP = Routing information protocol

The Routing Information Protocol, or RIP, as it is more commonly called, is one of the most enduring of all routing protocols. RIP is also one of the more easily confused protocols because a variety of RIP-like routing protocols proliferated, some of which even used the same name! RIP and the myriad RIP-like protocols were based on the same set of algorithms that use distance vectors to mathematically compare routes to identify the best path to any given destination address.

3. IGRP = Interior gateway routing protocol

IGRP is a distance-vector routing protocol, which means that each router sends all or a portion of its routing table in a routing message update at regular intervals to each of its neighboring routers. A router chooses the best path between a source and a destination. Since each path can comprise many links, the system needs a way to compare the links in order to find the best path. A system such as RIP uses only one criteria -- hops -- to determine the best path. IGRP uses five criteria to determine the best path: the link's speed, delay, packet size, loading and reliability. Network administrators can set the weighting factors for each of these metrics.

4. ARP = Address Resolution Protocol

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network. For example, in IP Version 4, the most common level of IP in use today, an address is 32 bits long. In an Ethernet local area network, however, addresses for attached devices are 48 bits long. (The physical machine address is also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address.) A table, usually called the ARP cache, is used to maintain a correlation between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. ARP provides the protocol rules for making this correlation and providing address conversion in both directions.



5. TCP/IP =

A protocol is a set of rules or agreed upon guidelines for communication. When communicating, it is important to agree on how to do so. If one party speaks Indian and one German the communications will most likely fail. If they both agree on a single language, communications will work. On the Internet the set of communications protocols used is called TCP/IP. TCP/IP is actually a collection of various protocols that each have their own special function or purpose. These protocols have been established by international standards bodies and are used in almost all platforms and around the globe to ensure that all devices on the Internet can communicate successfully.